Author: Dr. Shaikh Ramzan

As we know, Makkah is the central religious and spiritual pivot for Muslims, situated in present-day Saudi Arabia, in a narrow valley surrounded by the Ṣirât Mountains, with peaks ranging from 1,200 to 2,500 feet (365 to 760 metres) in height, and…

Concept 2: Why Anti-Clockwise Circumambulation at the Kâ’bah? First, let us say the obvious, that there must be one direction for a circumambulation ritual,[i] not a mixture of the two possibilities.  Worshipping Allah and praising Him when all the Hajjis are moving…

Discerning the Effects and Benefits of Ṭawwaf Here we bring to bear discoveries about our physical world, about the pattern of forces at work on the surface of our earth and throughout the planet, as related to the geographical location of Makkah/…